Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of cases. It includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. NSCLC often grows more slowly than small cell lung cancer and can sometimes be treated with surgery, radiation, or targeted therapies. There are hundreds of ongoing clinical trials for NSCLC worldwide, testing new immunotherapies, precision drugs for genetic mutations (like EGFR or KRAS), and combination treatments aimed at improving survival and long-term outcomes.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a fast-growing form of lung cancer that tends to spread early and is strongly linked to smoking. It accounts for about 10–15% of all lung cancer cases and is typically treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. Because SCLC can quickly become resistant to treatment, researchers are actively testing new approaches. There are many ongoing clinical trials for SCLC exploring novel immunotherapies, targeted drugs like DLL3 inhibitors, and new combination regimens aimed at extending survival and improving treatment response.

Stage 4 lung cancer is the most advanced stage, meaning the cancer has spread (metastasized) beyond the lungs to other organs such as the brain, bones, liver, or adrenal glands. Treatment focuses on controlling the disease, easing symptoms, and improving quality of life. There are more than 100 active clinical trials in the U.S. for stage 4 lung cancer, studying new targeted drugs, immunotherapies, and combination treatments for both small cell and non-small cell types. These trials offer access to promising therapies that may extend survival and provide new options beyond standard care.

Clinical trials for lung cancer are available for both small cell and non-small cell types, offering access to new and emerging treatment options. These studies may test innovative therapies, including targeted drugs, immunotherapies, and new combinations of existing treatments designed to improve survival and quality of life. Participating in a clinical trial allows patients to contribute to research that advances future care while potentially benefiting from cutting-edge medicine today. Trials take place at hospitals, cancer centers, and community research sites across the country, and eligibility often depends on factors such as cancer stage, prior treatments, and overall health. Patients are encouraged to talk with their oncologist or a research coordinator to learn which trials may be the best fit for their diagnosis and goals.

In 2025, major breakthroughs in lung cancer include new targeted and immunotherapy options for both small cell and non-small cell types. The biggest advance came from Amgen’s tarlatamab, which cut the risk of death by about 40% in small cell lung cancer. For non-small cell disease, new precision drugs like the KRAS G12D inhibitor zoldonrasib showed strong response rates, and AI tools are improving how tumors are classified and treated. Together, these mark a major step toward more personalized, effective care.

In the U.S., leading lung cancer centers include MD Anderson Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and Dana-Farber, all known for cutting-edge clinical trials and personalized therapies. Internationally, top institutions include Royal Marsden Hospital (U.K.), National Cancer Center Hospital (Japan), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Canada), Gustave Roussy (France), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (Australia), which excel in global research and advanced treatment innovation.